Thiols, also known as mercaptans, are a class of organic compounds that contain a sulfhydryl group (–SH) composed of a sulphur atom and a hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom. The plasma thiol pool is mainly formed by albumin thiols, protein thiols and slightly formed by low-molecular-weight thiols such as cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine, glutathione, homocysteine and γ- glutamylcysteine.
Thiols (RSH) can undergo oxidation reaction via oxidants and form disulphide (RSSR) bonds. A disulphide bond is a covalent bond; the linkage is also called a SS-bond or disulphide bridge. Under conditions of oxidative stress, the oxidation of Cys residues can lead to the reversible formation of mixed disulphides between protein thiol groups and low-molecular-mass thiols. The formed disulphide bonds can again be reduced to thiol groups; thus, dynamic thiol–disulphide homeostasis is maintained.
Dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis status has critical roles in antioxidant protection, detoxification, signal transduction, apoptosis, regulation of enzymatic activity and transcription factors and cellular signalling mechanisms. Moreover, dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis is being increasingly implicated in many disorders. There is also a growing body of evidence demonstrating that an abnormal thiol disulphide homeostasis state is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including diabetes [1-3], cardiovascular disease [4-10], cerebrovascular disase [11], malignacies [12], ankylosing spondylitis [13], preeclampsia [14,15], Alzheimer's disease [16], migraine [17], infections [18,19], and various disorders. Therefore, determination of dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis can provide valuable information on various normal or abnormal biochemical processes. This easy, practical, fully automated and also optionally manual spectrophotometric assay can be used to determine plasma dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis.
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12. Guney T, Kanat IF, Alkan A, Alisik M, Akinci S, Silay K, Neselioglu S, Dilek I, Erel O. Assessment of serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in multiple myeloma patients by a new method. Redox Rep. 2016 May 19:1-6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27198712.
13. Dogru A, Balkarli A, Cetin GY, Neselioglu S, Erel O, Tunc SE, Sahin M. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2016 May 16. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.1001. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27186972.
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15. Ozler S, Erel O, Oztas E, Ersoy AO, Ergin M, Sucak A, Neselioglu S, Uygur D, Danisman N. Serum Thiol/Disulphide Homeostasis in Preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2015 Nov;34(4):474-485. Epub 2015 Nov 20. PubMed PMID: 26588703.
16. Gumusyayla S, Vural G, Bektas H, Deniz O, Neselioglu S, Erel O. A novel oxidative stress marker in patients with Alzheimer's disease: dynamic thiol-disulphide homeostasis. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2016 Apr 4:1-6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27040443
17. Gumusyayla S, Vural G, Bektas H, Neselioglu S, Deniz O, Erel O. A novel oxidative stress marker in migraine patients: dynamic thiol-disulphide homeostasis. Neurol Sci. 2016 May 3. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27142446.
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19. Kara SS, Erel O, Demirdag TB, Cura Yayla BC, Gulhan B, Neselioglu S, Polat M, Kalkan G, Tapisiz A, Tezer H. Alteration of thiol-disulphide homeostasis in acute tonsillopharyngitis. Redox Rep. 2016 Apr 20:1-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27096391.
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